Linux is Unix-like computer operating system using the Linux kernel and is a free and open source software collaboration.
Security is a feature of the core system, the kernel has a firewall, with a firewall at the heart of the kernel a Linux computer can more efficiently run your programs.
[find]
> find . -name lostfile -print
start in the current dir (.) -name option makes the search case sensitive, find lostfile, print onscreen
[sed]
sed is a stream editor, like search and replace.
sed does not change the input file, you must save output as another file.
s substitue
g make a global change, replace all instances of pattern
>sed 's/pattern/replacement/g' file.php > outputfile.php
>sed 's/dog/cat/g' file.php (replace dog with cat)
d delete
> sed 'start,end' file.php
> sed '2,3d' file.php (deletes line 2 and including all of line 3)
Linux dev center
resource directory of Linux commands from Linux in a Nutshell
PuTTY SSH
PuTTY is a client program for the SSH network protocol, and if you're stuck on Windows then it's a way to connect to a hosted Linux server over network.
Linux
Linux is the operating system powering everything from mobile phones to supercomputers to personal devices.
In a command line interface (CLI) you type commands with your keyboard, rather than using a mouse in a GUI.
[cmd]
. this dir .. move up 1 level, go to the parent dir cd change dir cd /design go to design, absolute pathname starts from the root dir ls list the contents of a dir ls -l list long, show additional info ls -a list all, including hidden files ls design list all files in this dir ls ./design same as above, dot refers to the working dir ls /abc/design list all files in this dir, absolute path from the root dir ls | spell list pipe spellcheck /foo search for pattern foo pwd print working dir cp abc abc.bak copy file named abc to abc.bak in the same dir cp -i file file2 copy with interactive -i option, you will be prompted before overwriting file2. cp file dir1 copy file into directory. cp file dir1/file2 copy file into directory but under a new name. cp -r dir1 dir2 copy recursively mv file file2 move or rename mv file dir1 move file into another directory mv dir1 dir2 renaming dir1 to dir2 mkdir dir1 make dir named dir1 rmdir dir1 remove dir named dir1 rm file remove rm file file2 file3 remove many rm ./foo removes any file with foo rm \' kills the apostrophe file rm -r dir1 removes contents recursively -r option. rm -ir dir1 rm interactive $rm *[!cehg] deletes all that do not end with c,e,h,g
[vi]
yy copy p paste dd delete dw delete word D delete to end of line u undo last change U undo all changes to entire line Ctrl C command out clear, to get out of (>) :0 home (zero) :$ end
grep "redeem" /home/dir/*.php search for string in dir (any .php file)
[more]
cat view_this cat displays the contents of a text file, exit Ctrl+D less view_this less displays the file, and automatically paginates it (use PageUp PageDown, q for quit) h,j,k,l left, down, up, right or use the arrow keys e, j, Down, or Enter move forward one line y, k, or Up move backward one line f, Space, or Page Down move forward one page b, or Page Up move backward one page /characters search forward in the file for lines containing the specified characters n repeat the previous search :e file_name examine a new file :n examine the next file :p examine the previous file h, or ? display help q quit
[wildcard]
* zero or more characters
? exactly 1 char
[abcde] exactly one character listed
[a-e] exactly one character in the given range
[!abcde] any character that is not listed
[!a-e] any character that is not in the given range
{debian,linux} exactly one entire word in the options given
moves all the HTML files, that have the word "linux" in their names, from the working directory into a directory named dir1:
$ mv *linux*.html dir1
displays all files that begin with d and end with .txt:
$ less d*.txt
The following command removes all files whose names begin with junk., followed by exactly three characters:
$ rm junk.???
With this command you list all files or directories whose names begin with hda, followed by exactly one numeral:
$ ls hda[0-9]
This lists all files or directories beginning with hda, followed by exactly two numerals:
$ ls hda[0-9][0-9]
The following lists all files or directories whose name starts with either hd or sd, followed by any single character between a and c:
$ ls {hd,sd}[a-c]
This command copies all files, that begin with an uppercase letter, to directory dir2:
$ cp [A-Z]* dir2
This deletes all files that don't end with c, e, h or g:
$ rm *[!cehg]
[man]
man password manual help for password spacebar nextscreen b back q quit
